Understanding Copper Casting Alloy: DIN 17656-1983 Grades and Chemical Compositions

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Understanding Copper Casting Alloy: DIN 17656-1983 Grades and Chemical Compositions

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Copper casting alloys are versatile materials widely used in various industries due to their excellent properties and ease of manufacturing.

When choosing copper casting alloys for bronze sliding bearings, it’s crucial to consider various materials and their specific properties. Bronze alloys are preferred for sliding bearings because of their superior mechanical attributes, resistance to wear, and versatility under diverse conditions. Below are some popular bronze alloys used in sliding bearings:

Key Bronze Alloys for Sliding Bearings:

  1. High-Leaded Tin Bronzes:

    • Alloy Numbers: C93200, C93400, C93500, C93700, C93800, C94300
    • Properties:
      • High conformability and embeddability
      • Excellent wear and seizure resistance
      • Suitable for moderate loads at high speeds
      • Performs well in dirty conditions
    • Applications: Widely used in general utility bearings, off-highway vehicles, earthmoving, and heavy industrial machinery.

  2. Aluminum Bronzes:

    • Alloy Numbers: C95300, C95300-HT, C95400, C95400-HT, C95500, C95500-HT, C95510
    • Properties:
      • High strength (up to 68,000 psi yield and 120,000 psi tensile)
      • Outstanding corrosion resistance
      • Ideal for high loads and temperatures
      • Requires hardened shafts and smooth surfaces
    • Applications: Used in marine propellers, pump impellers, and high-temperature settings.

  3. Manganese Bronzes:

    • Alloy Numbers: C86300, C86400
    • Properties:
      • High strength with superior corrosion resistance
      • Suitable for high speeds and heavy loads
      • Needs high shaft hardness and non-abrasive conditions
    • Applications: Essential for heavy-duty industrial uses where durability and corrosion resistance are paramount.

  4. Tin Bronzes:

    • Alloy Numbers: CuSn12
    • Properties:
      • Effective anti-wear characteristics
      • High load capacity
      • Excellent corrosion resistance
    • Applications: Common in construction machinery, agricultural equipment, and other intense duty uses.

Important Factors in Selecting Bronze Alloys:

  • Load Capacity and Fatigue Resistance: High-leaded tin bronzes and aluminum bronzes are optimal for applications requiring high load capacity and fatigue resistance.
  • Operating Temperature: Aluminum bronzes are particularly suited for environments with high operational temperatures.
  • Lubrication and Maintenance: Several bronze alloys, like high-leaded tin bronzes, exhibit effective self-lubricating features that minimize maintenance needs.
  • Corrosion Resistance: Aluminum and manganese bronzes are excellent choices for applications exposed to corrosive environments.
  • Machinability: Leaded and high-leaded bronzes are noted for their superior machinability, facilitating easy manufacturing and customization of bearings.

Conclusion: Bronze sliding bearings offer flexibility and can be customized to meet specific needs by choosing the right alloy. High-leaded tin bronzes, aluminum bronzes, and manganese bronzes are some of the top choices, each providing unique advantages such as robustness, wear resistance, and corrosion protection. When selecting a bronze alloy for sliding bearings, consider factors like load capacity, temperature tolerance, lubrication requirements, and environmental exposure to ensure optimal functionality and durability.

COPPER CASTING ALLOYS

COPPER CASTING ALLOYS

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The DIN 17656-1983 standard specifies various copper casting alloy grades suitable for different applications, including the production of bronze slide bearings. These bearings are essential components in machinery where they reduce friction and wear between moving parts. Here’s an overview of the relevant copper casting alloy grades specified in this standard that are typically used for bronze slide bearings:

Grades for Bronze Slide Bearings

  1. GB-CuAl10Fe:
    • Composition: Primarily copper (>83%), aluminum (8.0-11.0%), and iron (2.0%), with minor amounts of tin (0.3%).
    • Properties: High strength and excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in marine environments.
    • Applications: Ideal for bearings used in harsh conditions where durability and resistance to saltwater corrosion are required.
  2. GB-CuAl9Ni:
    • Composition: Copper (76.0-80.5%), aluminum (8.5-9.5%), nickel (4.0-5.0%), iron (3.5-4.5%), and manganese (0.8-1.5%).
    • Properties: Offers a balance of strength and corrosion resistance, with added toughness from nickel.
    • Applications: Suitable for bearings in marine applications and other industrial settings where higher strength and resistance to corrosive elements are needed.
  3. GB-CuAl10Ni:
    • Composition: Copper (76.0-80.5%), aluminum (9.0-10.6%), nickel (4.5-6.3%), and iron (3.5-5.3%), with trace amounts of manganese, tin, zinc, lead, silicon, and magnesium.
    • Properties: Improved strength and corrosion resistance due to higher aluminum and nickel content compared to GB-CuAl9Ni.
    • Applications: Used for high-performance bearings that require superior strength and corrosion resistance.
  4. GB-CuAl11Ni:
    • Composition: Copper (72.0-81.5%), aluminum (10.3-12.0%), nickel (4.3-7.5%), and iron (4.2-7.0%), with minimal amounts of other elements like manganese, tin, zinc, lead, and silicon.
    • Properties: Highest aluminum content among the discussed grades, offering the best strength and wear resistance.
    • Applications: Ideal for bearings in heavy-duty applications where both high load capacity and corrosion resistance are critical.

General Characteristics

  • Corrosion Resistance: All these grades are highly resistant to corrosion, making them suitable for maritime and chemical exposure.
  • Wear and Heat Resistance: Excellent wear resistance and the ability to maintain mechanical properties at high temperatures.
  • Casting Ability: These alloys are primarily used in cast form, providing ease in manufacturing complex shapes like bearings.

Choosing the Right Grade

The selection of a specific bronze alloy for slide bearings depends on the operational environment, load requirements, and desired longevity. For standard applications, GB-CuAl10Fe provides robust performance, whereas more demanding applications might benefit from the enhanced properties of GB-CuAl10Ni or GB-CuAl11Ni due to their higher nickel content!

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