Bearing Bronze Alloys: Characteristics and Selection Guide

Bearing Bronze Solutions – Tailored for Efficiency & Strength

Bearing Bronze Alloys: Characteristics and Selection Guide

Bronze Standards and Offerings

We specialize in producing copper-based alloys like bronzes and high tensile brasses, adhering to multiple international standards including ASTM, BS, EN1982, DIN, JIS, AS, and ISO. Our products meet stringent global requirements, ensuring quality and reliability for various applications.

International Compliance and Manufacturing Flexibility

Our manufacturing processes comply with global standards, covering specifications like mechanical properties, chemical composition, dimensions, and tolerances. We offer the flexibility to supply materials in both inches and millimeters, accommodating international measurement preferences.

Featured Alloys

Our most popular alloys include Tin Bronze, known for corrosion resistance, and Phosphor Bronze, ideal for components requiring fatigue resistance. High Tensile Brass (C86300) is also frequently requested for its superior strength in heavy-duty applications.

Client-Centric Solutions

By meeting international standards and offering versatile measurement options, we provide materials suitable for engineering, marine, and architectural uses. This dedication ensures we meet diverse customer needs, making us a trusted supplier in the global market.

CAST BRONZE1
bronze lube bushings
Tin Bronze
Tin bronzes are a category of copper alloys that are known for their excellent bearing properties and are widely used in applications requiring high strength and durability. These alloys are primarily composed of copper and tin, with varying amounts of other elements such as zinc, lead, and phosphorus, which contribute to their unique characteristics.
CAST BRONZE2
centrifugal cast bronze self-lubricating bushing bearings
Leaded Bronzes
Leaded bronzes are a class of bearing bronzes that incorporate lead into their composition to enhance specific properties, particularly for use in applications where lubrication may not be consistently available. These alloys are known for their excellent self-lubricating characteristics, making them ideal for use in plain bearings and other friction-related components.
CAST BRONZE4
bronze graphite bushings, centrifugal cast bronze self-lubricating bearings
Aluminium Bronzes
Aluminum bronzes are a family of copper-based alloys that incorporate a significant amount of aluminum to enhance their properties, particularly for use in bearing applications. These alloys are valued for their excellent strength, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for a wide range of demanding applications.
CAST BRONZE3
centrifugal cast bronze self-lubricating bearings
High Tensile Brasses
High Tensile Brasses, also known as Manganese Bronze or High Strength Brass, are a category of copper alloys that are specifically engineered to provide enhanced mechanical properties, particularly in terms of tensile strength. These alloys are used in a variety of applications where high strength and durability are required, including the manufacturing of bearing components.
6 2
centrifugal cast bronze self-lubricating bushing bearings
Special Bronze Alloys

Special bronze alloys are engineered materials that are specifically designed to meet the demanding requirements of various industrial applications, particularly in the manufacturing of bearings. These alloys offer a unique combination of properties, such as high strength, excellent wear resistance, good conductivity, and corrosion resistance, which make them ideal for use in harsh environments and under extreme conditions.

Type Of Bearing

bearings Bronze Standards

We manufacture bronze parts and self-lubricating bronze components including:Plain Bushings,Flanged Bushings,Washers, Plates,Bearings. Each product is crafted to meet specific industry standards and client requirements.

ASTM

Bearing bronze alloys according to ASTM B505, ASTM B271 & ASTM B22

EN 1982 Bronze

Bearing bronze alloys according to EN 1982 standard

oilless bush catalogue pdf

Bearing Bronze in Industry: Uses and Advantages

Pre-lubrication Bearing Bronze Bearing, CuSn7Zn4Pb7, also known as leaded tin bronze or “standard” bearing bronze, is a high-performance material specifically designed for heavy-duty applications where plain bearings are required. This alloy is characterized by its excellent mechanical properties and its ability to withstand the demands of rigorous operational conditions. Here’s a detailed overview of the alloy and its suitability for heavy-duty plain bearing applications:

Innovations in Bearing Bronze Technology and the Impact

Solid bushing, bronze with lubricant plugs embedded, DIN 1850/ISO 4379, Maintenance-free: In industrial applications, maintenance-free solid bronze bushings are a highly popular component designed to reduce maintenance needs and enhance overall system reliability. These bushings are typically manufactured according to DIN 1850/ISO 4379 standards and feature embedded lubricant plugs to provide long-term lubrication after installation.

maintenance-free solid bronze bushings offer a reliable, durable, and cost-effective solution suitable for applications that require reduced maintenance and enhanced operational efficiency. By selecting the appropriate materials and designs, these bushings can meet the stringent demands of specific applications, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

Wrapped Bronze Bearings made of CuSn8 with Grease Reservoirs
steel bronze graphite cylindrical bushes

custom manufacturing of bronze and self-lubricating bronze components

We specialize in custom manufacturing of bronze and self-lubricating bronze components, precisely tailored to client specifications. Our process involves creating bespoke parts directly from clients’ technical drawings, ensuring each product meets their exact requirements in terms of design, functionality, and performance. This approach allows us to deliver highly specialized components ideal for a variety of applications, with each piece designed for optimal performance and longevity.

Applications: This range is suitable for cranes, mining equipment, construction machinery, as well as offshore and marine applications. It is also ideal for use in steel plants and hydro power or hydro mechanical facilities.

The Future of Bearing Bronze in Engineering and Design

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Custom Parts Services and Prototyping！

Special Bronze Alloys And Aluminium Bronze Bearing， Search Our Material Alloy

Understanding Bearing Bronze: Composition and Common Uses

We specialize in manufacturing bronze alloys in accordance with the ASTM B505 continuous casting and ASTM B271 centrifugal casting standards. We maintain a stock of alloys that either meet these standards directly or possess similar characteristics.

Our most popular product is the C932 Bearing Bronze. This alloy is known for its excellent anti-friction properties, strength, and hardness, making it an ideal general-purpose bearing alloy. Additionally, we offer the CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C (also known as CC493K or CB493K), a bronze alloy characterized by its precise chemical composition and mechanical properties, which are specifically tailored for use in plain bearings.

We provide a diverse range of bearing bronze products, including straight and flanged bushings, slide plates, and various sizes tailored to meet specific requirements. All our alloys are produced according to the EN 1982 standard, ensuring they meet European specifications.

Our production capabilities extend to a comprehensive selection of continuous and centrifugal cast bearing bronzes as per the EN 1982 European standard. We manufacture a variety of components such as bushes, rings, and sleeves, utilizing copper alloys that comply with global standards.

ASTM Bronzes parts

Bronzes that comply with the ASTM B505 and B271 standard
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EN 1982 Bronze Bearing

Range of bronze bearing from the European Standard EN 1982.
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Specialized Manufacturing of Bearing Bronze Parts

We are industry specialists in the production of bearing bronze parts and self-lubricating bronze, meticulously crafted based on client specifications. Our expertise extends to machining both standard and self-lubricating bronze to meet unique client needs.

Integrated Production Process

Our integrated manufacturing process encompasses every step from raw material procurement to final product delivery, ensuring stringent control and certification at every phase:

  • Raw Material Acquisition
  • Casting
  • Machining
  • Inspection
  • Client Delivery

This fully integrated approach guarantees high-quality outcomes tailored to client specifications.

Customized Solutions and Flexibility

We are committed to flexibility, adapting to various client demands regarding product specifications, technical solutions, delivery schedules, pricing agreements, and payment options. Our facility is equipped with advanced manufacturing technology, including numerically controlled lathes and machining centers, alongside modern verification and control equipment.

Our skilled technical department excels in providing consultancy and resolving any technical challenges, ensuring that every product is crafted to function optimally under the specified working conditions.

Capabilities and Product Offerings

With our flexible production capacity, we are capable of supplying both single unit pieces and larger series within tight deadlines. We manufacture a wide range of bronze parts and self-lubricating bronze components, including:

  • Plain bushings
  • Flanged bushings
  • Washers
  • Plates
  • Bearings
  • And other custom parts

For more detailed information on our capabilities and how we can assist with your specific requirements, please contact us.

Bearing Bronze Alloy TIN BEARING BRONZE
En 1982 CC493K
CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C		 CC482K
CuSn11Pb2-C		 CC483K
CuSn12-C		 CC333G
CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C		 CC762S
CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C
Material characteristics Tensile strength
MPa		 260 280 300 650 750
Yield point
0,2% MPa		 120 150 150 280 480
Elongation 5D% 12 5 6 13 5
Hardness HBW 10/1000 70 90 90 150 190
Max Temperature C 150 170 180 250 250
 Max Pressure MPa 30 50 50 80 98
 Max Speed (m/min) 20 18 18 18 15
P x V max 60 80 80 120 180

What is bearing bronze？

Bearing bronze is a type of bronze typically used for manufacturing bearings and other components where low friction and long wear are important. It is known for its strength and resistance to wear and corrosion. Bearing bronze is commonly made from alloys of copper with tin, often with additions of other elements such as lead or zinc to enhance specific properties.

The most common types of bearing bronze include:

  1. C93200 (also known as SAE 660): This is one of the most standard bearing bronzes. It is an alloy of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, which provides a good balance of durability, machinability, and resistance to wear. It is used in applications where moderate loads and speeds are involved.
  2. C95400 Aluminum Bronze: Contains aluminum as the primary alloying element. It has higher strength and resistance to corrosion and wear compared to tin-based bronzes. This makes it suitable for heavier load applications.
  3. C86300 Manganese Bronze: Although called a bronze, this is more of a high-strength brass, containing mainly copper and manganese. It is used for heavy-duty applications due to its high strength and resistance to impact.

Bearing bronzes are commonly used in machinery and equipment applications, including bushings, bearings, gears, and valve components, where they provide reliable performance over a wide range of temperatures and speeds.

 

ASTM B505 Equivalent Alloys Closest Alloys Type of Alloy Details
C83600 C83600 / C836 / CDA836 CC491K – CuSn5ZnPb5-C See
C84400 C84400 / C844 / CDA844 CC490K – CuSn3Zn8Pb5-C See
C86200 C86200 / C862 / CDA862 CC764S – CuZn34Mn3Al2Fe1-C High tensile brasses See
C86300 C86300 / C863 / CDA863 CC762S – CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C High tensile brasses See
C90300 C90300 / C903 / CDA903 – Tin bronzes See
C90500 C90500 / C905 / CDA905 – See
C90700 alternative CC483K – CuSn12-C See
C92200 – Tin bronzes See
C92700 C92700 / C927 / CDA927 CC480K – CuSn10-C See
C93200 C93200 / C932 / CDA932 CC493K – CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C See
C93600 C93600 / C936 / CDA936 – See
C93700 C93700 / C937 / CDA937 CC495K – CuSn10Pb10-C See
C93800 C93800 / C938 / CDA938 CC496K – CuSn7Pb15-C Lead bronzes See
C93900 C93900 / C939 / CDA939 – Lead bronzes See
C94100 C94100 / C941 / CDA941 CC497K – CuSn5Pb20-C See
C95200 C95200 / C952 / CDA952 CC331G – CuAl10Fe2-C See
C95400 C95400 / C954 / CDA954 – Aluminium Bronzes See
C95500 C95500 / C955 / CDA955 CC333G – CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C See
C95520 C95520 / C955 / CDA955 – See
C95800 C95800 / C958 / CDA958 – Aluminium Bronzes See
C95900 C95900 / C959 / CDA959 – See

This table organizes the ASTM B505 standards, lternative alloys, and the types of alloys, adding a “See” link for further details where applicable.

ASTM B271 Alloys Alternative Alloys Type of Alloy Details
C83600 CC491K – CuSn5ZnPb5-C See
C84400 CC490K – CuSn3Zn8Pb5-C Tin bronzes See
C86200 CC764S – CuZn34Mn3Al2Fe1-C High tensile brasses See
C90300 – See
C90500 – See
C92200 – See
C93200 CC493K – CuSn7ZnPb7 See
C93600 – Lead bronzes See
C93700 CC495K – CuSn10Pb10-C See
C93800 CC496K – CuSn7Pb15-C See
C95200 CC331G – CuAl10Fe2-C Aluminium Bronzes See
C95400 – See
C95500 CC333G – CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C See
C95800 – See
C95900 – See

This table provides a clear overview of the ASTM B271 standards, alongside the alternative alloys and other alloys, with a column for the type of alloy where applicable and links to further details.

ASTM B22 Closest Alternative Alloys Closest Alloys Type of Alloy Details
C86300 – High tensile brasses See
C90500 – Aluminium Bronzes See
C91100 – Tin bronzes See
C93700 – Lead bronzes See

This table neatly organizes the ASTM B22 standards, showing which types of alloys are associated with each, even though alternative alloy specifics aren’t listed here.

When selecting materials for sliding bearings, in addition to traditional copper alloys, a variety of additional alloys are available that offer distinct performance characteristics to meet the needs of specific applications. Here are some common additional alloys and their properties:

  • CuSn7ZnPb (RG7): Also known as Leaded Tin Bronze, this alloy provides excellent mechanical performance and wear resistance. The addition of lead offers superior self-lubricating properties, making it suitable for high-load and high-speed applications.
  • CuSn10: A bronze alloy with a higher tin content, offering increased hardness and strength, suitable for applications requiring high load capacity and wear resistance.
  • CuSn12: This alloy contains 12% tin, providing enhanced wear resistance and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for bearing manufacturing in marine and chemical environments.
  • CuPb10Sn: This alloy combines the advantages of lead and tin, providing good self-lubrication and high load capacity, suitable for heavy-load and shock-load applications.
  • CuPb15Sn: An alloy with higher contents of lead and tin, offering excellent sliding performance and self-lubrication, suitable for bearings requiring excellent wear resistance.
  • CuAl10Ni: Nickel Aluminum Bronze is favored for its excellent corrosion resistance and high strength, suitable for bearings and structural parts in marine and chemical environments.
  • CuSn10Zn (RG10): This alloy combines the benefits of tin and zinc, providing good strength and wear resistance, suitable for high-load and high-speed applications.
  • CuZn25Al5: Known as Aluminum Brass, this alloy is renowned for its high strength, good thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance, suitable for applications requiring high wear resistance and reliability.
  • CuSn5ZnPb (RG5): This alloy offers good sliding performance and self-lubrication, suitable for medium-load and speed applications.

When choosing an alloy, it is crucial to consider the specific requirements of the application, including load, speed, temperature, environmental conditions, and lubrication. These additional alloys provide a diverse range of options that can meet the demands of various industrial applications. By making informed choices and applying these materials appropriately, equipment efficiency and reliability can be significantly improved, extending their operational lifespan.

EN 1982 Replacement Alloy Closest ASTM B505 Alloy Type of Alloy Details
CC330G – CuAl9-C Aluminium Bronzes See
CC331G – CuAl10Fe2-C W-AlFe C95200 See
CC332G – CuAl10Ni3Fe2-C See
CC333G – CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C W-AlNi C95500 See
CC334G – CuAl11FeNi6-C Aluminium Bronzes See
CC480K – CuSn10-C W-10 C90700, C92700 See
CC481K – CuSn11P-C Tin bronzes See
CC482K – CuSn11Pb2-C W-12Zn See
CC483K – CuSn12-C W-12 C90700 See
CC484K – CuSn12Ni2-C W-12Ni See
CC491K – CuSn5ZnPb5-C W-5 C83600 Tin bronzes See
CC492K – CuSn7Zn2Pb3-C See
CC493K – CuSn7ZnPb W-7 C93200 See
CC494K – CuSn5Pb9-C See
CC495K – CuSn10Pb10-C W-Pb10 C93700 See
CC496K – CuSn7Pb15-C W-Pb15 C93800 See
CC497K – CuSn5Pb20-C W-Pb20 C94300 Lead bronzes See
CC499K – CuSn5Zn5Pb2-C Lead bronzes See
CC762S – CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C W-255 C86300 High tensile brasses See
CC764S – CuZn34Mn3Al2Fe1-C W-342 C86200 High tensile brasses See
CC765S – CuZn35Mn2Al1Fe1-C See

This table organizes the EN 1982 alloy designations alongside their replacement alloys, closest ASTM B505 alloys, type descriptions where applicable, and provides a link for further details.

When selecting materials for sliding bearings, copper alloys stand out as an ideal choice due to their exceptional properties. CuZn25Al5, CuAl10Ni, CuSn12Pb, and CuSn7ZnPb are several commonly used bronze alloys, each with unique characteristics suitable for different application scenarios.

CuZn25Al5 (Aluminum Brass) The CuZn25Al5 alloy is renowned for its high strength, excellent thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. The addition of aluminum increases the hardness and strength of the alloy, while zinc provides extra corrosion resistance. This alloy’s sliding layer can withstand pressures of about 25-30% (N/mm²), making it an ideal material for sliding bearings in heavy-load applications. Moreover, the high thermal conductivity of aluminum brass aids in heat dissipation, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of bearings during prolonged operation.

CuAl10Ni (Nickel Aluminum Bronze) The CuAl10Ni alloy contains a higher proportion of nickel, which significantly enhances the alloy’s corrosion resistance and strength. Nickel aluminum bronze performs particularly well in marine environments, making it frequently used in the manufacturing of bearings for ships and marine engineering equipment. Additionally, this alloy also has good sliding characteristics, suitable for applications requiring a low coefficient of friction.

CuSn12Pb (Lead Tin Bronze) The CuSn12Pb alloy is a classic bearing material, characterized by approximately 12% tin and a small amount of lead. The inclusion of lead endows this alloy with excellent sliding properties and self-lubricating characteristics, allowing it to maintain good performance under heavy loads and high-speed rotation. Lead tin bronze is widely used in various industrial machinery, automotive, and railway transportation equipment.

CuSn7ZnPb (Tin Zinc Lead Bronze) The CuSn7ZnPb alloy is a bronze containing tin, zinc, and lead, with a composition that can be adjusted according to the specific requirements of the application. This alloy has good mechanical properties and wear resistance, suitable for manufacturing bearings, bushings, and other components that require high wear resistance and reliability. Tin zinc lead bronze is particularly popular in the industrial and automotive sectors because it offers a long service life and stable performance.

When choosing materials for sliding bearings, it is essential to consider the specific requirements of the application, including load, speed, temperature, environmental conditions, and lubrication status. The aforementioned bronze alloys all have outstanding performance capabilities that can meet the needs of various industrial applications. By selecting and applying these materials appropriately, the efficiency and reliability of equipment can be effectively enhanced, extending its service life.

solid bushing, bronze with lubricant plugs embedded, DIN 1850/ISO 4379, Maintenance-free

MATERIALS

Support material

CuZn25Al5

Sliding Layer

Solid lubricant surface: app. 25-30% [N/mm2]

Other commonly used bronze alloys: CuAl10Ni, CuSn12Pb, CuSn7ZnPb

Material Characteristics

  • Bronze Alloy: Solid bronze bushings are usually made from special bronze alloys like CuSn7ZnPb (a tin, zinc, and lead-containing bronze), which offers excellent wear resistance and load-bearing capacity. The high copper content in the bronze alloy provides good thermal conductivity, aiding in heat dissipation and reducing heat generation from friction.
  • Lubricant Plugs: A key feature of solid bronze bushings, these embedded plugs contain pre-filled solid lubricants, such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). These lubricants are gradually released over the lifespan of the bushing, providing continuous lubrication, reducing wear, and lowering friction.

Advantages of Maintenance-Free Operation

  • Reduced Maintenance: Thanks to the pre-filled and slowly releasing lubricants, solid bronze bushings can operate for extended periods without the need for additional lubrication, thus reducing the frequency of routine maintenance.
  • Increased Reliability: Maintenance-free bushings reduce the risk of failures due to insufficient lubrication, enhancing the reliability and performance of mechanical equipment.
  • Extended Lifespan: Ongoing lubrication helps extend the life of both the bushings and other mechanical components, decreasing the frequency of replacements and associated costs.

Applications Maintenance-free solid bronze bushings are used across various industrial sectors, including but not limited to:

  • Automotive Industry: For manufacturing steering knuckles, suspension systems, and engine components.
  • Mechanical Engineering: Installed in pumps, fans, and other heavy machinery.
  • Construction and Agricultural Machinery: Used in various construction and agricultural equipment for hinges, bearings, and sliders.

CAC301, CAC302, CAC303, CAC304, CAC701, CAC702, and CAC703 are designations for different grades of bronze alloys. These grades are typically used to specify the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the bronze material, which can vary depending on the intended use. Here’s a brief overview:

  • CAC301: Known as common brass, it is often used for general applications where moderate strength and good corrosion resistance are required.
  • CAC302: Similar to CAC301 but typically has a slightly different composition to alter properties like strength or machinability.
  • CAC303: This grade might offer properties suited for specific forming processes or enhanced corrosion resistance compared to CAC301 and CAC302.
  • CAC304: Often characterized by a different balance of elements to provide unique properties such as improved wear resistance or lower friction.
  • CAC701, CAC702, CAC703: These grades are generally part of a different series or type of bronze alloys, possibly with higher tin content or special additives for applications requiring higher strength, better wear resistance, or superior corrosion resistance.

Each grade is tailored for specific applications ranging from general hardware, decorative items, to components in marine environments and heavy industrial machinery. The exact composition and properties can vary by manufacturer and specific industry standards.

Electrical Engineering: Serve as insulating and conductive components in motors and generators.

Special bronze alloys play a significant role in industrial applications due to their unique physical and mechanical properties. These alloys are often used to manufacture various bearing components, such as bronze worms, bronze rings, bronze nuts, bronze thrust bearings, and slide bearing plates. These parts are crucial in mechanical movements, especially in applications requiring high wear resistance and low friction coefficients.

Custom Bearing Bronze Size In many industrial applications, standard bearing sizes may not meet specific design requirements or performance standards. Therefore, many manufacturers offer customization services to meet clients’ needs for specific sizes and shapes. Custom bearing bronze components can ensure optimal performance and efficiency of mechanical systems, while also extending the lifespan of the parts.

Manufacturing The manufacturing process for special bronze alloys typically includes steps such as melting, casting, heat treatment, and precision machining. Strict quality control is essential throughout the manufacturing process to ensure that the final product performs as expected. For example, heat treatment can improve the hardness and strength of the alloy, while precision machining ensures the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the components.

Alloy Types and Their Applications Here are some common special bronze alloys and their applications:

  • ZQAL9-4: This is an aluminum and iron-containing bronze alloy with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, commonly used to manufacture high-strength bearings and structural components.
  • ZCuAl10Fe3: This alloy contains a higher proportion of aluminum and iron, offering excellent strength and wear resistance, suitable for demanding engineering applications.
  • ZCuSn10P1: A tin and phosphorus-containing bronze alloy, it has good fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, ideal for manufacturing bearings that withstand heavy loads.
  • ZCuSn12Pb2: This lead-containing tin bronze alloy provides excellent self-lubricating properties and wear resistance, suitable for manufacturing heavy-load and high-speed bearings.
  • ZCuSn12Pb1: Similar to ZCuSn12Pb2 but with a lower lead content, it still offers good self-lubricating properties, suitable for various bearings and sliding components.
  • CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3: This alloy combines high zinc and aluminum content, providing very high strength and hardness, suitable for high-performance bearings and mechanical components.
  • ZQSn8: A zinc-containing bronze alloy, it has good casting and mechanical properties, commonly used to manufacture large bearings and structural components.
  • ZCuAl10Ni6Fe5: Containing aluminum, nickel, and iron, this bronze alloy offers good strength and corrosion resistance, suitable for parts in marine and chemical environments.
  • CuSn12Ni12: This alloy contains equal proportions of tin and nickel, providing excellent overall performance, including high strength, good corrosion resistance, and wear resistance, suitable for high-end engineering applications.

The selection of special bronze alloys depends on the specific requirements of the application, including the needed strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and self-lubricating properties. Through careful design and manufacturing, these alloys can provide reliable performance and long-term durability in various industrial environments.

Grooving: Our selection of Standard Groove Styles caters to the majority of operational needs. However, for applications requiring unique designs or specific combinations, we are fully equipped to provide customized solutions.

To explore our standard groove patterns, please click here. For any special groove requirements, do not hesitate to contact us for personalized assistance. We are here to help ensure that your specific needs are met with precision and quality.

In applications requiring high-maintenance bearing bronze bushings, oil or grease lubrication is essential to ensure long-term reliability and performance of the bushings. To reduce maintenance efforts, designers incorporate lubrication grooves on the bushings, which help distribute the lubricant more effectively and reduce the frequency of maintenance. The type of lubrication groove is crucial for lubrication efficiency and maintenance requirements. Here are some common types of lubrication grooves:

Straight Grooves: Straight grooves are the simplest lubrication groove design, consisting of a series of parallel lines that effectively guide the lubricant towards the bushing’s contact surface. This type of groove is easy to manufacture and is suitable for many standard bearing applications.

Helical Grooves: Helical grooves are distributed in a spiral form on the surface of the bushing, helping to evenly distribute the lubricant and provide a wider area of lubrication coverage. This design enhances lubrication efficiency and is suitable for applications involving high-speed rotation or heavier loads.

Radial Grooves: Radial grooves extend from the center of the bushing outward, helping to push the lubricant towards the bushing’s outer edges, thus providing comprehensive lubrication. This design is suitable for large bushings, especially in applications where lubricant needs to be distributed over a larger area.

Dotted Grooves: Dotted grooves consist of small dots or indentations that create a series of miniature reservoirs on the bushing’s surface. This design helps release lubricant as needed and is suitable for applications that do not require continuous lubrication.

Maze Grooves: Maze grooves are designed with complex pathways intended to maximize the flow path of the lubricant on the bushing’s surface. This design increases the retention time of the lubricant, suitable for applications that are difficult to access or maintain regularly.

Combination Grooves: Combination grooves use a mix of different types of grooves to achieve optimal lubrication effects. For example, a combination of helical and radial grooves can provide both extensive lubrication coverage and deep penetration of the lubricant.

When choosing a lubrication groove type, it is important to consider the bushing’s operating environment, load conditions, rotational speed, and the type and viscosity of the lubricant. Proper lubrication groove design can significantly enhance the performance and lifespan of the bushing while reducing maintenance efforts and potential downtime. Through careful design and manufacturing, lubrication grooves can help ensure the reliability and efficiency of bearing bronze bushings in high-maintenance applications.

The term “graphiting” refers to the process of applying graphite fill to various mechanical components, such as grooves and drilled holes, to enhance their self-lubricating properties. This technique is particularly advantageous for bushings and other similar parts that operate either intermittently or under conditions where conventional lubricants may not be effective.

Graphite fill serves as an excellent lubricant for components used in both low-speed and high-RPM environments. In low-speed scenarios, where the rotational speeds are too low to maintain an oil film, graphite ensures continuous lubrication, preventing wear and tear. Conversely, in high-RPM settings, graphite provides essential lubrication during critical phases such as start-up and shutdown, as well as under sudden shock loads, thus enhancing the component’s durability and performance.

For more tailored solutions, we offer a variety of standard graphite patterns suited to different applications and operational demands. We also invite customers to consult with us regarding specialized graphite needs. Our team is equipped to assist in selecting and implementing the most appropriate graphite solution to meet specific operational requirements, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of the components.

Maintenance Free, Bearing Bronze Components

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QAL9-4 brass bushings
Special Bronze Alloys， Manufacture of Bronze Parts

Composition and Properties of Tin Bronzes

Tin Content: Tin is the key component in tin bronzes, typically comprising 8-12.5% of the alloy. Its presence notably enhances the strength and hardness of the alloy compared to pure copper.

Copper Base: Copper constitutes approximately 87% of the alloy, providing excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, which are advantageous for numerous applications.

Additional Elements:

  • Lead: Integrated to enhance anti-friction properties, making the alloy particularly suitable for bearings and other applications where friction reduction is crucial.
  • Zinc: Increases the strength and wear resistance of the alloy.
  • Phosphorus: Boosts machinability and can also strengthen the alloy.

Applications of Tin Bronzes in Bearings

Tin bronzes are highly valued in bearing applications due to their robust combination of strength, wear resistance, and favorable frictional properties. Specific applications include:

  • Plain Bearings: Often utilized in devices that mitigate friction between moving parts.
  • Bushing and Sleeve Bearings: Employed where a smooth surface is necessary to minimize friction and wear.
  • Gear Components: The strength and durability of tin bronzes are ideal for gears subjected to heavy loads, ensuring reliable operation over extended periods.
  • Pump Bodies and Structural Parts: Useful in components exposed to high loads and corrosive environments.

Standards and Specifications

Tin bronzes are manufactured in accordance with various international standards, such as the EN 1982 standard. Examples of tin bronze alloys conforming to this standard include:

  • CuSn5Zn5Pb5 (CC491K): Known for its high durability and tensile strength, this alloy is ideal for heavily loaded machine parts and high-speed machine friction components.
  • EN 1982 CC491K, CuSn5ZnPb5-C: Also referred to as red metal, this alloy is favored for applications requiring excellent bearing properties and wear resistance.
  • CuAl10Fe5Ni5 (CC333G): Although not a traditional tin bronze, this alloy is recognized under the EN 1982 standard and is suitable for parts operating under extreme load and tension, thanks to its superior corrosion resistance.

In conclusion, tin bronzes offer a versatile range of properties making them excellent for bearing applications. Their well-defined composition and compliance with international standards like EN 1982 enable them to meet the diverse demands of various industrial uses where high strength, wear resistance, and effective friction management are essential.

Composition of Leaded Bronzes

Leaded bronzes are primarily composed of copper, tin, and lead. Typically, the lead content ranges from 4 to 10%, enhancing the alloy’s lubricity under dry or boundary lubrication conditions. Tin, which usually constitutes 8 to 12% of the alloy, bolsters the strength and hardness of the bronze.

Properties of Leaded Bronzes

  • Self-Lubrication: Lead imparts a smooth, low-friction surface to the alloy, enabling operation with minimal external lubrication.
  • Improved Wear Resistance: These bronzes are noted for their robust wear resistance, essential for the durability of bearings and other mechanical components.
  • High Strength and Fatigue Resistance: The synergy of copper and tin endows the alloy with considerable strength and fatigue resistance, suitable for enduring heavy loads and repetitive stress cycles.
  • Corrosion Resistance: Leaded bronzes also demonstrate commendable resistance to corrosion, making them apt for harsh environmental conditions.

Applications of Leaded Bronze Bearings

  • Heavy Machinery Bearings: The self-lubricating properties of leaded bronzes make them ideal for bearings in heavy machinery such as industrial pumps, compressors, and gears.
  • Automotive and Transportation: These bearings are utilized in various automotive applications, including wheel bearings, valve lifters, and suspension components.
  • Marine and Offshore Equipment: Their corrosion resistance makes leaded bronzes suitable for marine and offshore applications, where they face exposure to saltwater and other corrosive elements.
  • Industrial Machinery: Leaded bronze bearings find extensive use in industrial machinery across sectors such as textiles, printing, and food processing, where consistent performance is crucial.

Environmental Considerations and Alternatives

The environmental and health impacts of lead have led to scrutiny over its use in bronze alloys. With lead recognized as a toxic substance, efforts are increasing to phase it out or restrict its use. This has spurred interest in developing alternatives such as bismuth bronze, which offers similar self-lubricating properties without lead. Additionally, alloys based on aluminum and zinc are being explored as potential substitutes for leaded bronzes.

Composition and Properties of CuSn7Zn4Pb7

Composition:

  • Copper (Cu): As the foundational metal, copper comprises the majority of CuSn7Zn4Pb7, offering excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance which underpins the alloy’s performance.
  • Tin (Sn): Tin, making up about 7% of the alloy, enhances its strength and hardness, which are critical for the alloy’s durability and resistance to wear.
  • Zinc (Zn): The inclusion of zinc not only improves the alloy’s casting characteristics but also augments its strength.
  • Lead (Pb): At approximately 4%, lead boosts the alloy’s machinability and imparts superior bearing qualities, such as self-lubrication under certain operational conditions.

Performance Characteristics:

  • High Strength and Hardness: The synergy of copper, tin, and lead provides substantial strength and hardness, crucial for enduring heavy loads in bearing applications.
  • Wear Resistance: CuSn7Zn4Pb7 is noted for its exceptional wear resistance, ideal for plain bearings subjected to consistent friction and movement.
  • Self-Lubricating Properties: Lead content facilitates self-lubrication, reducing reliance on external lubricants and enhancing performance in dry or boundary lubrication scenarios.
  • Corrosion Resistance: This alloy boasts significant resistance to various forms of corrosion, making it suitable for harsh environments.

Applications in Heavy-Duty Environments:

  • Industrial Machinery: Due to its robustness and wear resistance, the alloy excels in heavy machinery such as pumps, compressors, and gears, ensuring dependable operation.
  • Automotive Industry: Utilized in components like wheel bearings and transmission parts, CuSn7Zn4Pb7 supports high durability and load-bearing demands.
  • Marine and Offshore Equipment: Its corrosion resistance proves invaluable in marine settings, safeguarding equipment against the rigors of saltwater and extreme conditions.
  • Renewable Energy: The alloy’s properties make it apt for renewable energy technologies, such as wind turbines and solar panels, where long-term reliability is essential.

Conclusion: CuSn7Zn4Pb7, a leaded tin bronze, is excellently suited for plain bearings in demanding applications. Its blend of strength, wear resistance, self-lubrication, and corrosion resistance renders it an optimal material for environments where high performance and longevity are critical.

While leaded bronzes are effective bearing materials known for their self-lubrication, wear resistance, and strength, the industry is actively pursuing alternative materials. These alternatives aim to replicate the performance benefits of leaded bronzes without the environmental and health risks associated with lead.

Composition of Aluminum Bronzes

Aluminum bronzes are distinguished by their high aluminum content, which typically ranges from 6% to 12%. The base of the alloy is predominantly copper, which enhances the overall properties of the alloy. To improve performance, small quantities of other elements such as iron, nickel, or manganese may be included.

Properties of Aluminum Bronzes

  • High Strength and Hardness: Aluminum bronzes are noted for their robust strength and hardness, making them ideal for bearing materials that need to endure heavy loads and abrasive conditions.
  • Corrosion Resistance: These alloys excel in corrosion resistance, particularly in marine environments where they are exposed to saltwater and other corrosive agents.
  • Wear Resistance: The inherent hardness and composition of aluminum bronzes enhance their wear resistance, essential for bearings and components subjected to friction.
  • Machinability: Aluminum bronzes are often highly machinable, facilitating the fabrication of complex parts with precision.
  • Thermal Conductivity: These alloys also possess good thermal conductivity, advantageous in applications requiring effective heat dissipation.

Applications of Aluminum Bronze Bearings

  • Marine Equipment: Their corrosion resistance makes aluminum bronze bearings suitable for marine use, such as in propellers, shafts, and other subsea components.
  • Industrial Machinery: Given their strength and wear resistance, these bronzes are preferred in industrial machinery for gears, bushings, and bearings under heavy loads.
  • Aerospace Components: Aluminum bronzes are valued in aerospace for components like bushings and bearings, where high strength and fatigue resistance are crucial.
  • Automotive Industry: These bearings are employed in various automotive applications, including wheel bearings, benefiting from their self-lubricating properties and resistance to wear.
  • Electronics and Electrical Equipment: The thermal conductivity of aluminum bronzes is beneficial in the electronics and electrical sectors, aiding in heat dissipation for optimal functioning.

Popular Aluminum Bronze Alloys

  • C954 Aluminum Bronze: Known for its excellent tensile and yield strength, ductility, weldability, and machinability, C954 is widely used where strength and corrosion resistance are required.
  • C95500 Aluminum Bronze: This alloy offers properties similar to C954 but with a slightly higher aluminum content, enhancing its corrosion resistance and strength.
  • C95200 Aluminum Bronze: Renowned for its superior bearing properties, C95200 is frequently chosen for applications demanding high load capacity and wear resistance.

In summary, aluminum bronzes are a versatile class of bearing bronzes that excel in strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance, making them suitable for a broad spectrum of applications, from marine and industrial machinery to aerospace and automotive industries. The reliability and performance of these alloys in demanding conditions contribute to their widespread popularity.

High Tensile Brasses: Composition and Applications

Overview High Tensile Brasses, also known as Manganese Bronze or High Strength Brass, are specialized copper alloys designed for enhanced mechanical properties, especially tensile strength. These alloys are vital in applications requiring high strength and durability, such as in the manufacturing of bearing components.

Composition The primary components of High Tensile Brasses are copper and zinc. Manganese is the critical alloying element that sets these brasses apart from standard brass alloys, as it significantly boosts the alloy’s strength. Additional elements like aluminum, iron, nickel, and silicon may be incorporated to further improve various characteristics of the alloy.

Properties

  • High Tensile Strength: The inclusion of manganese and other elements markedly increases these brasses’ tensile strength beyond that of standard brass alloys.
  • Good Fatigue Resistance: These alloys exhibit enhanced fatigue resistance, making them suitable for applications involving cyclic loading.
  • Corrosion Resistance: High Tensile Brasses offer robust corrosion resistance, particularly in marine and other corrosive environments.
  • Wear Resistance: The inherent strength and hardness also enhance their wear resistance, crucial in bearing applications.
  • Machinability: Despite their hardness, High Tensile Brasses are machinable, allowing for the precise fabrication of complex parts.

Applications

  • Bearings and Bushings: Ideal for bearings and bushings, these alloys can handle heavy loads and demanding operational conditions due to their strength and wear resistance.
  • Marine Components: Their corrosion resistance makes them suitable for marine applications, including propeller shafts and bearings exposed to saltwater.
  • Heavy Machinery: Utilized in construction equipment, agricultural machinery, and industrial pumps, where components face high loads and stress.
  • Automotive Industry: Found in various automotive components such as valve stems, wear rings, and bearings designed for heavy loads.
  • Structural Components: Employed in structural components that demand high strength and fatigue resistance, such as bridges and infrastructure projects.

Popular High Tensile Brass Alloys

  • CZ114/CW721R: Known for its versatility, this high-strength brass alloy is both hot workable and machinable, often used for its excellent mechanical properties.
  • C95200: A specific high-tensile brass that balances strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability.
  • ToughMet Spinodal: A high-entropy alloy that includes high tensile brasses and bronzes, providing unique property combinations for specialized applications.

Summary High Tensile Brasses are essential copper alloys that deliver superior mechanical properties, particularly in tensile strength. Their robustness, combined with excellent corrosion and wear resistance, makes them highly sought after for a wide array of industrial and engineering applications.

Lubrication bearing Bronze, Metal & Bimetal – Bronze Bearings – Steel Bushings
Custom bronze bearings, ideal for heavy loads and shock-loading conditions, are designed for easy installation.